It is a chronic disease veins, which is characterized by a thinning of their walls, the extension of the level, and even the formation of nodes. Meets the 40% women and 20% men.
It is a dangerous disease, mainly because of his complications. Incorrect or late treatment develop such a formidable state, such as thrombosis and thrombophlebitis, and bleeding of the dilated veins.
Thrombosis total or partial closure of the lumen of the vein trumpets) or thrombophlebitis (an inflammatory disease of the wall of the venous thrombosis) occurs suddenly, is not associated with physical activity. The swelling is spreading rapidly on the lower limb, and accompanied by arching of pain. Can occur redness or blue, local tenderness of the skin. In the case of detachment of a clot of blood, with a current of blood which enters in the blood vessels of the lungs, and in the case of total or partial closure of the container can cause a severe disease - pulmonary embolism. This complication is frequently lethal. If you suspect data complications, you need to immediately take a horizontal position, lift the leg upward, over the phone, with emergency medical care. Lesions in large areas of blood, you may experience a severe hemorrhage. In this case, the urgent need to place the foot above the bleeding point series (doctor or improvised), it is quite strong, the bleeding has stopped, and call urgently for a team of first aid.
The weakness in the muscular layer of the venous wall and valvular insufficiency of the machine becomes the cause of what is under the influence of actions "muscle pump," the blood begins to flow in the opposite direction, towards the bottom. This leads to an increase of the pressure on the walls of the blood vessels, further progression of the insufficiency of the valves, the expansion of the lumen of the veins and the formation of knots. The muscle fibers of the vein wall atrophy, disrupted nervous receptors which regulate venous tone, which, in turn, still more solicitous manifestations of venous insufficiency. Risk factors for the development of the disease are: hereditary predisposition, pregnancy, obesity, the daily long stay in a sitting position or standing, the activities associated with the lifting of heavy loads, systematic wearing of tight clothing, corsets, wrong food with insufficient content in the diet of dietary fiber and vitamins, hormonal disorders state.
The clinical manifestations
A visible sign of the varicose vein disease - SAC or cylindrical extension of the superficial veins. Varicose veins on the legs become branched, protruding above the surface of the skin in the area of the legs and stop. Most varicose veins are expressed after heavy or a long physical activity. In an early phase of disease, discomfort, fatigue, feeling of heaviness in the legs, burning sensation, distension of the, the manifestation of which is the maximum after the physical activity. Swelling can occur are transient, painful, pain in the movement of the veins. Timely referral to a specialist even at the initial stage, will prevent the further development of the disease. With the progression of the disease is formed by chronic venous insufficiency.
The diagnosis of varicose veins
"Gold" diagnostic standard is considered to be ULTRASOUND of the veins of the lower extremities, in which are defined the affected areas veins. On this principle is based the anatomical classification of varicose veins with the indication of the modified ship. For example, the defeat is the great saphenous vein above or below the knee, small saphenous vein. When questionable data techniques for non-invasive use of surgical techniques of research, for example, venography (injection of intravenous contrast medium, with the objective of evaluating the state of the venous system).
The treatment of varicose veins
Non-surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs gives good results only in the debut of the disease, when the skin manifestations are not very pronounced and only moderately reduces the work capacity.
This surgical of the disease, a complete cure which is possible only after the surgical treatment:
- Flebectomia - the surgical removal of varicose veins-extended to vienna. The purpose of the operation is the removal of pathological waste blood by removing the main trunks of large or small saphenous vein, and ligation of communication veins. There are different types of operations. Are applicable almost always, even in complex cases. If all of these methods is removed, a part of vienna, that hit, and the segments in vienna are saved. The vein gently exfoliate, and the cutting of the tissues, which reduces the operative trauma. The same thing happens when you use the surgical technique, and, further, in this case is less bruising, because of the cold spasm reduces bleeding.
- The hardening - introduction extended into a vein of a particular substance (of sclerosant), which he calls "agglomeration" of the walls of veins with the cessation of the flow of blood through it. Consequently, it lacks the pathological refusal of blood, eliminates the aesthetic defect, as well as vienna regress and becomes invisible. Sclerotherapy is effective only with the expansion of small branches, main trunks, which limits its application with the great event of the process. The advantage of sclerotherapy is the lack of scars, the need for hospitalization. After sclerotherapy veins specific rehabilitation is not necessary.
- Laser coagulation - a method based on the destruction of the vein wall by heat of laser exposure, so that the "top" level. It only shows the expansion of vienna-not more than 10 mm. the Method that is associated with the development of anesthesia. Aesthetically it is preferable, but as and after the removal of vienna requires gait early of the patient, and also along the elastic compression.