Treatment of varicose veins on the legs with the help of medications does not always have a positive effect. Particularly difficult to cure varicose veins, if it is in an advanced stage. In this case, surgery is the only option for resolution of malocclusion. For many people, the operation seems to be terrible in the procedure, therefore, that for a long time they are afraid to go to the doctor, based on some home-made form of treatment. The disease continues to progress, and the patient's condition to deteriorate.
When you need to do?
The operation for varicose veins of the lower limbs is given in the following circumstances:
- if subcutaneous vienna increased in consequence of the physiologic malocclusion;
- if the disease is in an advanced stage, when the treatment of varicose veins medicines or folk remedies do not help;
- in the case of formation of trophic ulcers on the skin in the beings;
- if you experience any disorders of the vascular circulation, in which the patient experiences constant fatigue, you get tired quickly, feel pain and heaviness in the legs;
- if it was formed thrombophlebitis acute;
- if you experience disturbances, trophic lesions of the skin.
For some patients, surgery for varicose veins on the legs can be contraindicated. The factors that hinder the surgery, are:
- hypertension;
- serious-infectious diseases;
- coronary artery disease;
- the age of the patient (over 70 years);
- skin diseases – eczema, erysipelas, inflammation, etc;
- the second half of pregnancy.
The operation – the method to be the most effective and safe treatment option of varicose veins. A medical expert can quickly eliminate the malocclusion, and the patient returns to normal life, without the suffering that has caused him the illness.
The types of intervention
Type of intervention is determined depending on the characteristics of the individual, loss of the disease. Some types of operations, suitable for one person, absolutely can not be other. Before you to assign the operation, the doctor studies the form of the disease, the symptoms, as well as the likelihood of complications.
Surgical
The more complex and lengthy procedure associated with a high likelihood of developing complications, it is flebectomia the operation for the removal of varicose veins. It is prescribed only in cases, when other treatments are not able to provide as much beneficial effect. During this operation, the groin patient are small (3-5 mm), cuts, after the vein tied to that place, where the flows in a deep vein, then dissect it and take out the legs with the help of special probe. After the removal of veins on the place of cuts impose on me, I buy the same seams. The operation lasts from 1 to 2 hours, while the patient is in a hospital not more than a day, then resign. A sort of flebectomia is a procedure as flebectomia, in which the body is not made of cuts and punctures. This method allows you to perform the operation with less trauma to the skin and reduce the rehabilitation period. Stripping – a, another type of surgical treatment of varicose veins. During this procedure is the extract not the whole of vienna completely, but only a small sector, which has undergone the veins expansion. The removal is done through a puncture in the skin, which helps to avoid stitches.
The hardening
Less traumatic method of surgery is considered sclerotherapy. It consists in the fact that with the help of an ultrasound study determined the exact position of vienna, which introduce a particular substance (sclerosant). This substance hill affected the blood vessels, preventing the blood to him. After this operation, place the vein is sick, and is formed by scar tissue, disappear swelling. The patient stops tormenting heaviness and pain in the legs, and if they have taken place, the wounds quickly heal. Sclerotherapy is of two types:
- Echo-guided sclerotherapy. This shall apply in such a case, if the diameter of the affected veins reached 1 cm and more. Before vienna being monitored, with a special device – a duplex scanner, then under his control is carried out sting, after which it is inserted into the vein sclerosing. This procedure allows reducing a diameter of a hit from a vase and restore the normal circulation of blood on it.
- The hardening foam. Secure and completely painless view sclerotherapy. In the area concerned, the vessel injected with a special foam that fills and stops the blood flow inside this container.
To get the maximum effect usually spend a couple of treatments of sclerotherapy. Varicose veins recurrent after her almost never happens.
Laser coagulation
The operation for the removal of varicose veins of the leg veins laser is considered to be the most technologically advanced on the pretext of fighting varicose veins and helps to eliminate the pathological varicoso 90% of patients. During this procedure, the cuts of the fabrics is not available, that allows you to avoid cosmetic defects. Through the puncture in the skin of the injected fiber laser, which emits waves of light. Under their action occurs the dissolution of the patient's vessel. This method provides a lower number of relapse – repeated cases of the formation of varicose veins only occur in 5% of patients. Can be used in more severe cases, when the veins reach a large size.
The possible consequences and the state in the post-operative period
Almost all of the types of operations carried out to eliminate the varicose veins of the legs, are held in a secure manner and cause complications in very rare cases. The higher probability of complications, and the heavy losses of the rehabilitation of the observed period with flebectomia. In a remote area of vienna may occur from a hematoma, and sometimes incisions can flow the blood, as in the vicinity are the hot flashes of the other veins. After 2-3 days after surgery, some patients may increase temperature. This happens due to aseptic inflammatory processes in the blood, which accumulates under the skin. If the blood accumulated will be much, veins can form lumps that are painful to the touch. If the skin over the lumps has acquired a reddish hue, and then began inflammation bacterial. In this case you will need urgent hospital admission. Other possible complications after the intervention may be:
- Numbness of the skin, pain sensation. They occur in that case, if during the operation were damaged the nerve endings. With time the pain will disappear and the sensitivity of the skin will recover.
- Bruises. Form when flebectomia, because it is a fairly traumatic operation. After some time, usually not more than a month, they disappear completely. With minimally invasive techniques of treatment (sclerotherapy or laser coagulation) bruises almost never left.
- The swelling. They can appear, if the patient follows the doctor's prescriptions in the post-operative period – it moves a lot, do not wear special clothing, or exposes it to great physical stress.
After surgery, most patients lead an inactive lifestyle. Due to inactivity may occur this dangerous phenomenon, such as deep vein thrombosis, acute lower limb. To prevent this, it is necessary to do special exercises, follow a diet and take medications that prevent thrombosis.
The recommendations for the prevention of relapse
Even if the operation for the resolution of varicose veins of the veins has been carried out successfully, there is always the risk of re-development of the disease. For the probability of recurrence is zero, it is necessary to respect the measures of prevention:
- lead an active lifestyle – sports, often walking in the open air;
- in a sitting position you need to make sure that the posture is flat, do not put a foot to the other, because this leads to disorders of the venous flow;
- fight overweight;
- moderately the use of coffee and tea;
- every morning gymnastics of the feet;
- giving up too tight and narrow shoes and clothing.
Varicose veins is a disease that, even after complete healing requires compliance with a certain style of life. The measures of prevention after the surgery you will need to comply with the first months, and for the whole life. Varicose veins is a disease in which occurs the contraction of the walls of the blood vessels, deep veins and slows the flow of blood. This disease is highly young in our time. This happens due to a sedentary lifestyle (even if the constant work on the legs can cause an outbreak of disease), the movement only on the means of transport, excessive weight, the environmental situation in the world, a generic predisposition to diseases of the blood, etc the first stage of varicose veins is well suited for the conservative treatment methods. But if the disease is gone already far and continues to progress, you should think about the line, the way to deal with the problems. Right carried out by a skilled surgeon the operation to removal of the vein – is a guarantee of complete healing from the suffocating, exhausting disease. Today, such operations are carried out by highly qualified experts in medical centres equipped with the most modern equipment, and do not represent any danger for the life and health of the patient.
Directions to the surgery
Removal of the veins) apply in the following cases:
- a large varices that has affected a wide area of the vein;
- wrong the extension of the subcutaneous veins;
- strong swelling and tiredness of the legs;
- pathological the violation of the outflow of blood in the veins;
- trophic ulcers healed;
- thrombophlebitis and acute occlusion of the veins.
Limitations and contraindications
The operation is not assigned in the following cases:
- execution status of the diseases;
- hypertension grade 3 and coronary artery disease;
- serious-inflammatory diseases and infectious processes;
- senile age;
- 2 and 3 trimester of pregnancy;
- skin diseases in acute phase (eczema, mug, dermatitis, etc.)
Before the operation, you carry out a thorough research of the venous system of the patient, as well as the large the diagnostic exam. Extra operation is assigned when venous congestion, recurrent thrombophlebitis, and non-healing trophic ulcers.
Ways of intervention
The operation of removal of the veins of the legs can be performed step-by-step by using more modern methodologies.
Flebectomia is popular
In the early stages of the disease pass on to a phlebectomy. The preparation for this type of operation the most basic. The patient takes a shower, and a fully shaves the leg and groin. It is very important that, before an operation of the skin on the leg was perfectly healthy and the skin is not violated. Before surgery, the patient cleanse the bowel and investigations of allergic reactions to drugs. The operation lasts up to 2 hours, under local anesthesia. Removal of the saphenous vein that is absolutely safe for the human body. During the surgery, can spend the extravascular correction of the valves to restore the flow of blood. The operation begins with the long-cut up to five inches of the groin and the length of two inches is ankle. Other incisions are made under the big venous knots. The incisions shallow and narrow. Through an incision in the groin injected in the portal vein the venous extractor (in the subtle form of procrastination with a round tip at the end). With the help of this tool, the surgeon removes the affected vein. Then on the cuts closed with stitches and the operation is finished. Of course, the leg is closed with a bandage, sterile, and from above impose an elastic bandage. After 1-2 days the patient can already move by themselves. After the flebectomia patient is wearing stockings (or bandages) for 2 months, and even takes venotonic to restore the functioning of the veins. In some cases, it is prescribed a phlebectomy, in this case on the leg are made small incision (under local anesthesia), through which are eliminated the damaged parts of vienna or even vienna completely.
Sclerotherapy — painless removal of varicose veins
Today, a special popularity acquired echo-guided sclerotherapy— treatment of varicose veins injections. When this is inserted into the vein substance sclerosant, which destroys the inner layer of the blood vessels, after which the intermediate layers grow together and form opadanie of vienna. This method is the trickiest, but to get a long-term effect it is necessary to perform a series of procedures and need about six months for rehabilitation. This type of intervention, as well as foam sclerotherapy can be used only in the presence of veins of small diameter and with a large number of "varicose veins". Injected in the vein, I have a bad cough, sclerosing, the effectiveness of which is increased due to the large increase in the surface area of interaction with the inner side of the vessel. And also, in virtue of its particular consistency of the foam has been long delayed in the vessel, increasing the exposure time to the medication to the affected area blood. Therefore, when the foam sclerotherapy in the number of sessions is significantly reduced.
The use of laser in phlebology
The more modern method of removal of veins, laser, intravascular laser coagulation. The surface of vienna from the inside is processed with a laser barely perceptible puncture. In this case, the foot superimposed sterile elastic bandage, and after five hours the patient can walk independently. Both of these methods are considered to be malotravmaticheskaya and painless. The patient can go home the same day on your feet.
The possible consequences
After any, even the most delicate operation of removal of the veins of the legs, there are bruises, bruises and other consequences, which will be a bit annoying. Some time after the surgery, it is better to sleep with the legs raised to improve blood flow. A quite common complication after the operation is repeated in the development of varicose veins, if the patient has a generic predisposition, and also he has not changed his style of life. Very rarely the damage during the operations, close the vessel or nerve. But this complication is completely excluded from a qualified expert. After the flebectomia feet remain thin small scars.